Clocks For Various Timezones
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Author: ʻŌlelo Online
Time on the Quarter Hour (0516G)
Introduction
This lesson continues on from 0514G Telling Time On The Hour in which the basic structure for telling time in Hawaiian is introduced, as well as 0515G Time On The Half Hour which took you one tick more. Make sure you feel comfortable with those lessons before moving into this one.
In this lesson, you will learn how to tell the time on the quarter hour. Here are some examples:
- It’s 1:45 (“one forty-five” or “quarter to two”)
- It’s 8:15 in the morning.
- It’s 12:45 (“twelve forty-five” or “quarter to one”).
- It’s quarter to 9 at night.
Basic Pattern For Time On The Quarter-Hour
The word for a “quarter” or a “fourth” is hapahā in Hawaiian: hapa (part) + hā (four). We are going to use the word hapahā in all of these quater-hour sentences.
As we learned in previous lessons, the structure of the sentence follows what we call the pepeke ʻaike (equational) format, but I would suggest that at this point it will be better for you to just memorize the patterns in the examples below and note the parts which you can change to vary the time. The basic pattern always stays the same.
- 10:15 – ʻO ka hapahā kēia i hala ka hola ʻumi.
- 10:45 – ʻO ka hapahā kēia i koe kani ka hola ʻumikūmākahi.
We also have the option of moving the word “kēia” to the end of the pattern (as shown below), which is actually also possible with any of the time expressions. My personal recommendation is that you leave “kēia” in the middle of the phrase or leave it out altogether.
- 10:15 – ʻO ka hapahā i hala ka hola ʻumi kēia.
- 10:45 – ʻO ka hapahā i koe kani ka hola ʻumikūmākahi kēia.
As you can tell, things start to get quite a bit more complicated when using the quarter hours. It is possible, of course, to say something akin to “It’s 15 minutes past 10” or “It’s 45 minutes past ten” or “It’s 15 minutes to 11”; please see the next lesson, 0516G (not yet available), to learn how to tell minutes before and after the hour.
But for now, let’s stick with these quarter-hour expressions, starting with the expression for “quarter past” the hour.
A Quarter Past The Hour
The literal meaning for “ʻO ka hapahā kēia i hala ka hola ʻumi” is “this is the quarter (hour) past 10 o’clock”. You most likely won’t be able to make much sense out of trying to analyze “i hala ka hola” at this point, so my advice is to just memorize the format so you only need to change the hour number. Keep the amount of brain energy spent on this kind of analysis to a minimum for now!
A Quarter To The Hour
For “quarter to” expressions, follow the format shown in the example. The literal meaning for “ʻO ka hapahā kēia i koe kani ka hola ʻumikūmākahi” is “this is the quarter (hour) remaining until the sounding of 11 o’clock.” This expression comes from the days when many wall clocks chimed the hour and half-hour in the 1800s and early 1900s. Interesting! I grew up with one of those clocks in every house my family had; perhaps you did too! Use that experience to help you remember this structure.
Further Examples
Here are a few more examples:
- 2:15 – ʻO ka hapahā kēia i hala ka hola ʻelua.
- 2:45 – ʻO ka hapahā kēia i koe kani ka hola ʻekolu.
- 9:15 – ʻO ka hapahā kēia i hala ka hola ʻeiwa.
- 9:45 – ʻO ka hapahā kēia i koe kani ka hola ʻumi.
Notice that the “quarter to” times require the upcoming hour number, just as in English.
Next Steps
The next lesson will be how to tell the time down to the minute, but that lesson is not yet available. So for now, it’s time to go onto the 0600 Series of lessons which will introduce you to the word types that you will need to know about to start to create your own sentences.This is where things start to get really exciting! Here is the index for the 0600 Series.
Hawaiian Numbers Basics Zero To Infinity
Lesson ID: 0507V
This post is in development.
Kalaiwa: Hamani or Hehele?
Ask ʻŌlelo Online
A request was received of late asking about the following:
The Question
“E ke kumu, he nīnau. In our study group we were discussing ia, iʻa, and iā. One of us had made a cheat sheet and listed iā as being ʻami lauka, but also used as a direction. Example: Kalaiwa au iā Joe. This was translated as ‘I drive to Joe.’ But I am thinking that this is an ʻami lauka and the translation would be ‘I drive Joe.’ But I donʻt want to argue this point if Iʻm wrong!”
The Response
E kuʻu haumāna ē, aloha nui! Pololei like ʻolua! ahaha. Maikaʻi loa!
The function of the ʻami would be understood by context.
Examples
Kalaiwa au iā Joe.
- I drive Joe – ʻami lauka (direct object marker)
- I drive to Joe – ʻami kuhilana (destination marker)
In use:
(1) Ua manaʻo mākou ʻelima e holo pū i Hilo, akā ʻaʻole i lawa ka lumi ma ka Honda Civic a Kalehua no ka poʻe a pau. No laila, ʻōlelo maila ʻo Kalehua, “Nāu e kalaiwa iā Joe ma kou kaʻa, a naʻu e kalaiwa i ka poʻe ʻē aʻe ma koʻu kaʻa.”
(2) Ua kelepona mai koʻu hoaaloha ma ke kahua mokulele ma Hilo. ʻAkahi a hōʻea mai ka ʻohana. Wahi a koʻu hoaaloha, aia lākou a pau ma waho o kahi e kiʻi ʻia ai nā ukana —ʻo Baggage Claim nō hoʻi— akā ua hele wāwae ʻo Joe i kahi e lele ai nā helekopa, no ka nānā nanea ʻana i nā helekopa o laila. Ua haʻi au i koʻu hoa, “Eia māua ʻo kuʻu wahine ma ʻelua kaʻa, ke holo nei iā ʻoukou! E holo ana au iā ʻoukou ma kahi o ka ukana, a e holo ana kuʻu wahine iā Joe ma kahi o nā helekopa.” Pane maila koʻu hoa, “Hō! Mahalo! No laila, na kāu wahine e kalaiwa iā Joe i laila?” ʻAe au iā iā, ” ʻAe, pololei.”
The Problem With “Kalaiwa”
As listed in the standard Hawaiian Dictionary by Pūkuʻi-Elbert (1984), “kalaiwa” is defined as follows:
nvt. To drive, as a car; driver; chauffeur. Eng. Kalaiwa kaʻa, to drive a car; car driver.
The thing is, using “kalaiwa” in place of “holo” is kind of a new thing and can create confusion. “Kalaiwa” is the hamani meaning “to drive something”; “holo” is the hehele meaning “to go somewhere by car” (in this case). But because English speakers use “drive” as both hamani and hehele, depending on context, many modern speakers of Hawaiian are starting to do the same.
Advice
I would say it would be best to keep them separate if possible; but regardless, in answer to your question about the ʻami lauka or ʻami kuhilana being valid here, both are indeed valid. I would just prefer “E holo ana au iā Joe” for “I am going to drive to Joe”, and “E kalaiwa ana au iā Joe” for “I am going to drive [=transport by vehicle] Joe.”
Hope that helps! :)
hoʻouna ʻia me ke aloha nui – sent with lots of aloha
na kumu Kaliko
Dog In A Wetsuit
As I always like to say, the name of the Hawaiian monk seal “ ʻīlio-holo-i-ka-uaua” literally means ‘dog swimming in a wetsuit’. This is different from the meaning given in the modern standard Hawaiian-English Pūkuʻi and Elbert dictionary which says it means “quadruped running in the rough [seas]”.
The monk seal has a canine-like appearance; thus “dog” is certainly appropriate.
The skin is very rubbery of course, and a word for this type of material traditionally is “uaua” (pronounced /u-áua/, NOT /úa-úa/ interestingly).
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Monk Seal Pup on French Frigate Shoals in 2014 by MarkSullivan CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons |
It was common to write the word “uaua” as “uwauwa” before Hawaiian spelling was fixed in the late 1970s to remove the letter “w” from words in which it cannot be pronounced as either /w/ or /v/. Thus I use the modern spelling “uaua” exclusively — the word cannot be pronouced /uvau-va/.
“Uaua” is an ʻaʻano, or adjective-like word. Even Pūkuʻi-Elbert say of their interpretation of “uaua” as a noun in the name for the Monk Seal that, “For a rare use of uaua as a noun, see ʻīlioholoikauaua.” I believe their use of “uaua” to mean rough seas is probably incorrect.
The Andrews Hawaiian language dictionary of 1865 gives the following definition for the word “U-WAU-WA”: “To be tight; fast; hard; e linalina, e moku ole, e paa” with the Hawaiian meaning “being soft and yielding to the touch, or tightly drawn, as a rope; unbreakable; tight, fast, secured, resistant, impenetrable”.
I first started using the term “dog in a wetsuit” as a fun and memorable way to describe the meaning of “ʻīlioholoikauaua” with my students back in the early 2000s, and was more than pleased when in 2022 I found a related use of the word “uaua” in a newspaper from 1866.
The Hawaiian newspaper “Ke Alaula” in an article from 1866 said of walrus skin: “O ka ili he uwauwa loa, a ua hoolilo ia i mea ili kauo no na lio kauo kaa ma Amerika” (He uaua loa ka ʻili, a ua hoʻolilo ʻia i mea ʻili kauō no nā lio kauō kaʻa ma ʻAmelika) meaning “The skin is a very tough and rubbery thing, and it has been used as a tow strap for horses drawing carts/carriages in America”.
There is always more one can do in looking for the meaning of words through time and how they are applied to various things like the monk meal, ʻīlioholoikauaua. For now, I will leave the topic and return to it when I learn more. If you have any thoughts or comments, feel free to let me know using the comments box below.
—kumu Kaliko
Anamanaʻo Papa ʻŌlelo Online
Course Evaluation Survey
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ʻŌlelo Online Class Sampler
See What Classes Are Like
Shown below are some examples of the classes from the ʻŌlelo Online Virtual Classroom taught by kumu Kaliko Beamer-Trapp
You can use this to get an idea of the kinds of things we do in class and what level of Hawaiian is targeted.
Kumu Kaliko chooses an overarching theme for each eight-week Session which then influences the type of instruction and the student experience: storytelling, analysis, discussion, sentence creation, grammar, listening practice, and more.
The following samples were taken from a Session focusing on reading and understanding traditional stories, accounts, and newspaper articles originally recorded in the 1800s.
Class CH1A – Absolute Beginner Hawaiian Language
This was class number six in the eight-week Session in which the concept of “kāhulu” (modifiers) was introduced.
CH1A from November 29, 2021
Class CH2A – Level 2A Hawaiian Language
In this CH2A class, we talked about the sixth installment of one of the stories of ʻAiʻai, a famous chief from the ancient past.
CH2A from November 29, 2021
Class CH2B – Level 2B Hawaiian Language
In this CH2B-level class, we started looking at a newspaper advertisement-letter from 1856 about huge piles of salt at Keālia, Maui, with the writer asking if anyone would like to buy it and perhaps resell it for a profit elsewhere.
CH2B from December 7, 2021
Class CH3A – Level 3A Hawaiian Language
This is an example of a CH3A class in which we went over installment number five of the ancient Hawaiian language account of the arrival of Captain Cook in Hawaiʻi in 1778.
CH3A from November 17, 2021
Class CH3B – Level 3B Hawaiian Language
This was class number four in the eight-week Session in which we went over installment number four of the legendary story of ʻIwa, the young thief famous for his exploits working for himself, for high chief ʻUmi, and for anyone who would take his services. He was excellent at double-crossing everyone.
CH3B from November 11, 2021
Class CH4A – Level 4A Hawaiian Language
In this sample from CH4A, we went over installment number three of of a very silly story printed in the Hawaiian newspapers of the mid-1800s about a lad named Keaka Pepa (lit., “Jack Paper” or “Jack Card”, possibly referring to a playing card) who meets up with a magical cow and recounts their journey together through thick and thin.
CH4A from November 3, 2021
Class MH1 (Papa Mele) Hawaiian Song Analysis
In the Papa Mele shown below, we looked into the two Hawaiian mele (songs) written by famous composer Helen Desha Beamer, adoptive great-grandmother of your teacher Kaliko Beamer-Trapp through his hānai mother, Aunty Nona Beamer. One song was “Kawohikūkapulani” and the other was “Pua Malihini”.
Papa Mele MH1 from October 19, 2021
Hawaiʻi Is My Native Land
Inā he haumāna ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi ma kekahi o nā papa ʻŌlelo Online Virtual Classroom, e ʻeʻe no ka ʻike ʻana i kēia palapala.
Please log in if you are a current student of the ʻŌlelo Online Virtual Classroom to read the rest of this article about “Hawaiʻi Is My Birthplace”.
E Ola Ka ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi
Here is a video you need to watch if you are going to be part of the Hawaiian language “revitalization movement”!
It will explain a little about the history of the decline of the Hawaiian language over the past 120 years, how the Pūnana Leo preschools and Hawaiian “immersion” schools were started, and what we are thinking in terms of language preservation and perpetuation.
The film is in Hawaiian too, so lots of chance to practice your listening skills!
Luckily, I have for you a version with subtitles in English, so you can follow along and get the main idea. If you want to really work on your listening skills, watch the Hawaiian-only version and pay attention to the sounds, the actions, and the keiki and so on.
Please log in to be able to access the rest of this item.
Moana ma ka ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi
Inā he haumāna ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi ma kekahi o nā papa ʻŌlelo Online Virtual Classroom, e ʻeʻe no ka ʻike ʻana i kēia palapala.
Please log in if you are a current student of the ʻŌlelo Online Virtual Classroom to read the rest of this article about the movie “Moana” in Hawaiian language.
Numbers Quiz: Matching 0 to 10
Quiz 0502-Q1
Numbers 1-10 Match. Select one item on the right to match the number on the left.
Something is in a state or condition, Quiz 1
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